Eighteen typical wind power generation projects and photovoltaic power generation projects in Hexi Corridor were taken as the object. We comparatively studied the influence range and degree of different partitions under prevented and controlled, and systemly analyzed the characteristics of soil and water loss in process under construction. The conclusions are as follows:the proportion of disturbed surface area in all partitions under prevented and controlled was in the order of:road area(63.33%) >fan zone(21.85%, photoelectic cell board area) >integrated circuit area(10.47%) >construction camp area(2.93%) >monitoring center area(1.42%), photoelectic cell board area(68.72%) >road area(27.17%) >othet area(1.77%) >management area(1.18%) >construction camp area(1.15%); the proportion of excavated amount in all partitions under prevented and controlled was in the order of:fan zone(77.38%) >road area(13.76%) >integrated circuit area(6.39%) >monitoring center area(2.16%) >construction camp area(0.32%), photoelectic cell board area(65.09%) >road area(30.45%) >anagement area(1.82%) >construction camp area(1.48%) >other area(1.15%); so the road area and the fan zone were the most serious zone of disturbed engineering construction and those zones were also the key link of soil and water loss in the building projects of footing excavation, transport, and filling. The value of water and soil loss impact index in wind power generation projects and photovoltaic power generation projects construction of the Gobi desert were 0.314 and 0.419, with unit capacity calculation, the value of soil and water loss impact index of photovoltaic power generation projects was significantly higher than that of wind power generation projects.