[Objective] Studying the status and function of soil microbial-community structure and major functional microbial-groups on different Prunus armeniaca inter-plantation in the Loess Plateau region.[Methods] Three groups of soil microorganisms and major functional microbial-groups of soil were investigated based on the method of plate cultivation, and soil total nitrogen and organic matter were measured by conventional method; meanwhile, the dates were analyzed using hierarchical cluster as well as principal component analysis(PCA).[Results] (1) As for the total number of soil microorganisms and three major microbial groups, the highest values of them were found in the inter-plantation of P. armeniaca with alfalfa(p<0.05), the values in the inter-plantation of P. armeniaca with daylily and alfalfa times followed(p<0.05), and there was no significant difference among the rest inter-plantation patterns(p>0.05); (2) Soil azotobacter, ammonifier and cellulose decomposing bacteria were all found with the highest numbers in the inter-plantation of P. armeniaca with alfalfa(p<0.05), the second place was taken by numbers of these soil bacterial groups in the inter-plantation of P. armeniaca with lily and alfalfa(p<0.05); (3) The actinomycetes group played a more important role in the changes of Shannon-Wiener index; (4) The five inter-plantations were classified into three patterns according to the composition of cultivable soil microbes using the methods of hierarchical cluster as well as principal component analysis; inter-plantation with alfalfa was found with the greatest effect on the composition of soil microbial community, as compared with other patterns.[Conclusion] There were some distinctive and intrinsic interlinks between the variation of soil microbial composition and inter-plantation patterns.