[Objective] To analyze the rationality of soil and water conservation measures in order to provide a scientific guidance in basin system controlled by typical check dam. [Methods] Two typical check dams were selected, soil sample were collected, grain composition and fractal dimension were calculated, and the fractal dimension trends with the deposition years were analyzed by combining field tests and laboratory tests. [Results] The fractal dimension decreased with the depositing years increasing for the two typical check dams. [Conclusion] There existed desertification in surface or more deep soil of the basin systems controlled by two typical check dams, which showed that the configuration of soil and water conservation measures were unreasonable in the basin system controlled by two typical check dams.