[Objective] In order to select excellent afforestation species for forest system oasis region of Ulan Buh sandy land, initial growth adaptability of poplar varieties in the oasis region of Ulan Buh sandy land was evaluated. [Methods] About 20 poplar varieties including Beikang, 08 and Zhonglin series were introduced as research objects and the Xinjiang Populous that is the current main afforestation species were taken as a reference. The initial growth adaptability of these poplar species in the oasis region of Ulan Buh sandy land were comprehensively evaluated with systematic cluster analysis and multi-factor fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. [Results] The growth rate, survival status and pest resistibility of varieties 08-01, innovation, Zhonglin 2005, Beikang 16-22, Beikang 08-02, Beikang 08-03, Zhonglin 315, 08-07, Dark, Jing 2 were better than that of Xinjiang Populous. All evaluation index of Jing 6, Beikang 16-27, Simplot 08-09, 08-08, 08-14 were similar to the indices of Xinjiang Populous. Comparing to Xinjiang Populous, varieties of Liaoning poplar, Beikang 16-8, 08-04, DN-34 were assessed with weaker integrated growth adaptability. [Conclusion] Among the 20 varieties, ten varieties(08-01, etc.) are able to growth vigorously in the Ulan Buh sandy land and can serve as an alternative species for afforestation and plant resources reserves in this area, six varieties(Jing 6, etc.) were assessed at medium adaptability, other four varieties(Liaoning poplar, etc.) belong to poor adaptability group that are unable to grow normally in the Ulan Buh sandy land.