[Objective] Quantitative evaluation of soil quality under different land use patterns of the Weigan-Kuqa river delta oasis was carried out in order to serve the rational use and the planning of regional land resources, as well as the management and control of soil quality. [Methods] Based on the sampling data of different land use types in the Weigan-Kuqa river delta oasis, the spatial distribution of soil quality in the study area was evaluated quantitatively using soil quality evaluation index and the integrated evaluation method of soil quality index(SQI) with the support of ArcGIS 9.3. [Results] There were significant differences in the averaged soil quality index between different land use patterns(p<0.05). The soil qualities of different land use types ranked as: forest > cultivated land > desert shrub > alkaline grassland. The averaged soil quality index of forest and alkaline grassland were 0.48 and 0.24, respectively. [Conclusion] The overall soil quality of the Weigan-Kuqa river delta oasis was evaluated as middle or low level, except a little high level was observed at the central region of the study area. The differences of soil quality were significant among different land use patterns.