[Objective] In order to provide useful information for widening the application scope of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, improving the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation and managing of fertilizer, the rhizosphere effects of seed dressing and grain/soybean intercropping were studied.[Methods] Field experiment was conducted.[Results] Amount of pea rhizospheric microorganisms(3.63×10⁷ CFU/g) was higher than that of maize ones(3.1×10⁷ CFU/g) under the same plantation pattern. Rhizospheric microorganisms of pea and maize both increased significantly in intercropping mode. As compared with the corresponding values of their monoculture mode, rhizosphere microorganisms of maize obtained(55.39%) greater improvement than that of pea microorganisms obtained(33.12%). Under intercropping mode, significant increases of rhizospheric microorganisms in fertilizer seed dressing were both observed for the two crops. Increase of maize' rhizosphere microorganisms(23.03%) was lower than that of pea(46.09%). The amount of pea rhizosphere microorganisms was also more than that in mono-cropping mode(30.00%).[Conclusion] Intercropping and microbial fertilizer seed dressing can both significantly increase the quantity of crop rhizosphere microorganisms.