[Objectives] The objective of the study is to evaluate the water resources carrying capacity(WRCC) of all prefecture cities in Shaanxi Province, and to provide scientific basis for the reasonable utilization and allocation of water resources in this region.[Methods] Based on the introduction of entropy-weight method and the calculation of index weight, variable-weight method was used to improve the weight index. We then established a model with the improved TOPSIS according to the calculated weight, and used this model to evaluate the comprehensive WRCC in all prefecture cities in Shaanxi Province.[Results] We ranked WRCC in all prefecture cities in Shaanxi Province in the order as follows:Ankang >Baoji >Shangluo >Yanan >Hanzhong >Weinan >Yulin >Tongchuan >Xianyang >Xi'an, and found that the WRCC is extremely lower in Xi'an City.[Conclusion] Based on variable-weight and entropy-weight methods, the evaluation of WRCC with improved TOPSIS is easy and practical, so it will have great implication in this field.