[Objective] Taking Liushahe watershed in Xishuangbanna Dai Automomous Prefecture as a case study area, this study tries to investigate the relationship between land use and topography factors in order to provide scientific support for land use planning.[Methods] We extracted elevation, slope and aspect from DEM data, combined with distribution index, we then analyzed the relationships between land use distribution and topography factors from 1976 to 2010.[Results] Forest was dominant in higher elevations, steeper slope and north-facing aspects; Tea garden mainly distributed in elevation between 1200 and 1400 m on east and south-facing aspects, and the slope had weak effect on the distribution of tea garden; Rubber plantation mainly distributed at elevation of 600~1000 m on gentle slopes in east-facing and south-facing aspects with better hydrothermal conditions; Construction land was mainly located in the area at low altitude with flat and gentle slopes; Rotation land mainly distributed at elevation of 1000~1600 m, and had a maximum percentage in east-facing and south-facing slopes, and the slope had little restraints on the distribution of rotation land; Paddy field mainly distributed in the area with low altitude, flat and gentle slopes.[Conclusion] Forest and traditional tillage has been reclaimed for rubber plantation and tea garden, and rubber plantation continuously expands to higher and steeper areas and in north-facing aspect.As a result, the forest has been fragmented. Therefore, the expansion of rubber plantations into forest must be controlled to ensure the ecological stability of the watersheds in this region.