[Objective] The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of friction wind velocity and aerodynamic roughness over different underlying surface types in order to reveal the wind erosion potential in different underlying surfaces. [Methods] Wind velocity profiles were measured and used to determine friction velocity(u^*) and aerodynamic roughness(z₀) in four different underlying land types in the wind erosion season of 2010—2012. The sensitivity of friction velocity and aerodynamic roughness to wind erosion was analyzed. [Results] The friction velocity and aerodynamic roughness were positively correlated with the canopy height and vegetation coverage. The friction velocity was 0.33, 0.44, 0.61 and 0.81 m/s for the shifting sand dunes, the semi-shifting sand dunes, the fixed sand dunes and the oasis, respectively. While the aerodynamic roughness was 0.39, 13.58, 39.51 and 310.8 mm for the shifting sand dunes, the semi-shifting sand dunes, the fixed sand dunes, and the oasis, respectively. [Conclusion] The shifting sand dunes have the greatest potential for wind erosion, while oases have the least potential for wind erosion.