[Objective] This study aims to verify variation of vegetation net primary productivity(NPP) in Shaanxi Province in recent years in order to evaluate vegetation growing conditions. [Methods] Based on the Carnegie Ames Stanford approach(CASA) model, this study estimated the monthly NPP from 2003 to 2012 in Shaanxi Province. The annual and inter-annual variation of NPP were analyzed at both spatial and temporal scale. [Results] (1) The NPP in Shaanxi Province showed an increasing trend and increased (p<0.01) at a rate of 3.940 6 g/(m²·a). The total annual NPP increased from 84.44 Tg (1 Tg=1 012 g) in 2003 to 91.98 Tg in 2012(in terms of carbon content). (2) The NPP varied greatly in different seasons. The highest NPP occurred in summer, which accounted for 52.43% of the total NPP, and NPP in July, August accounted for 18.52%, 18.41% respectively. NPP in March or August increased significantly or extremely significantly, while no significant change of NPP was found in the other months. (3) Annual variation of NPP for different vegetation types was comparatively stable, and showed an increasing tendency except the permanent wetlands. The fastest increase of NPP was crop land (p<0.01), with an average annual increment rate of 5.89 g/(m²·a). (4) The NPP in Southern Shaanxi was higher than the northern, 78.53% of the area showed a growing trend in NPP, and 24.47% of the area increased significant or extremely significant. Only 2.27% of the area showed a significantly or extremely significantly decreasing trend in NPP, those areas were mainly distributed in the central Shaanxi Province and surrounding area of Xi'an City. [Conclusion] The vegetation growing conditions in Shaanxi Province was generally improved, but the local region were deteriorating.