[Objective] Nine runoff plots with various vegetation covers in the Wangdonggou watershed in Shaanxi Province were selected to analyze the effects of vegetation cover on the soil physical and chemical properties in order to provide support for ecological construction in Loess Plateau. [Methods] Soil bulk density was measured by using the cutting ring. Soil saturation moisture, the capillary moisture and the saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured by the constant head method. Soil organic were analyzed by the potassium dichromate external heating method. [Results] It showed that saturation moisture, capillary moisture, soil organic matter in grass and shrub land were significantly higher than that in the pure and mixed woodlands, while there was no significant change in soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity. [Conclusion] Grass combined with shrub are beneficial to maintain soil nutrition, keep water, and conserve soil. Platycladus orientali woodland are worse in improving physic-chemical properties and soil and water conservation.