[Objective] The effects of different fertilization patterns on vegetable yield, loss of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and nutrition accumulation in farmlands of Taihu Lake basin were researched to provide scientific evidences for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Taihu Lake basin. [Methods] A field experiment was conducted in runoff pools constructed on typical vegetable land with six fertilization treatments in the Taihu Lake basin. [Results] Discharges of nitrogen and phosphorus in treatment of optimal fertilization were reduced in comparison with the one of chemical fertilization. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in all fertilization patterns were measured accumulated in vegetables as compared with the one of no fertilization. [Conclusion] Optimal fertilizer can increase vegetable yield and utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer by 31% and 27%, respectively.