[Objective] Studying the effect of CO₂ leakage during geological storage on non-metallic surface water in order to provide a theoretical basis for the related research. [Methods] By changing the leakage time, leakage rate, and the temperature of carbon dioxide, we studied the impacts on pH value, DO, HCO₃^- and COD of surface water. [Results] The leakage of CO₂ affected pH and DO value greatly, whereas its effects on HCO₃^- and COD were relatively small. Increasing of leakage rate could accelerate the reaction rate of pH, DO and HCO₃^-, thereby pH and DO declined faster, and HCO₃^- increased more quickly. However, temperature rising had the greatest impact on COD content. [Conclusion] It suggests that pH, DO and HCO₃^-, as their sensitive reaction to CO₂, could be used as the surface water monitoring indicators for CO₂ geological storage.