[Objective] The characteristics of land use structure in the middle route of the south to north water transfer project was demonstrated to provide the basis for the regional land planning. [Methods] Data was collected by surveying of land use status of water source area and eliciting from image. The entropy, equilibrium degree and dominance degree were measured. The conversional quantity relationship was calculated by Markoff transfer matrix. [Results] Land type conversion mainly occurred among farmland, woodland and grassland. Land use structure of water source area was relatively stable before 2010. However, it had become unstable after 2010 because Danjiangkou reservoir began work from then on. [Conclusion] The land area of various types of water source area was constantly changing. Land structure was comparatively stable in 2008-2010, land structure and stability fluctuated in 2010-2013.