[Objective] The spatial distribution of different pollution factors was analyzed to provide bases for the adjustment of industrial structure and the control of water pollution in Jiangsu Province. [Methods] Based on the analysis of the pollution load of agricultural non-point source pollution and industrial point source pollution, with county(city, district) as the evaluation unit, an index system that can comprehensively reflect the influences of industrial structure on water pollution was built to evaluate and analyze the environmental pollution using methods of clustering analysis and principal component analysis. [Results] (1) Overall, the spatial distribution of the intensity of chemical fertilizers and pesticide application is approximately equal, the discharge of waste water per unit area is more concentrated in Jiangsu Province. (2) Area of wastewater discharge from the unit area is mainly concentrated in the main cities and the surrounding counties of Jiangsu Province. (3) The overall spatial distribution of emissions from industrial COD in unit area of Jiangsu Province is showed that south area higher than south area. [Conclusion] (1) The process of industrialization is the important factor of water environment pollution, but the water environment pollution is the result of many factors. (2) Water environmental pollution level comprehensive score of Jiangsu Province is in the fllowing order: south area>middle area>north area, and water environmental pollution spatial distribution and level of economic development shows certain synchronicity.