[Objective] The spatial distribution of nutrients and bacterial communities in sediments of water resource reservoir were investigated in order to reveal the interrelation between microbes and migration and transformation of nutrient salts.[Methods] Sediment samples were collected in a Tangpu reservoir in low mountain and hilly area of Eastern Zhejiang Province, the content of total organic carbon(TOC), total nitrogen(TN), ammonium-nitrogen(NH₄⁺-N), nitrate-nitrogen(NO₃-N), total phosphorus(TP) and available phosphorous and bacterial community structure were analyzed respectively.[Results] (1) The average TOC content was 14.6 g/kg and the average TN content was 1.6 g/kg in the reservoir sediments. The maximum content of TOC and TN was found in sampling sites H, minimum value was found in sampling site F. The content of TP was in the range of 0.5~1.08 g/kg, the mean value was 0.8 g/kg. Available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen had a highest content in the river storage section, and showed low levels in central location of the reservoir and dam. (2) In the sediments, microbial population were significantly different. A total of 10 kinds of known phylum were identified, and 4 kinds of phylum(Verru comicrobia. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Verruc omicrobia) were shared among all samples. In all the samples, Proteobacteria predominated about 50%~70.8% of the total bacteria.[Conclusion] Pearson's correlation analysis show a significant negative correlation among Gamma proteobacteria, Delta proteobacteria and TP. While there is a significant positive correlation between Firmicutes and TN (p<0.05).