[Objective] To study the factors influencing nitrogen and phosphorus release in eutrophication lake sediment in order to provide the scientific significance for eutrophication lake management.[Methods] Taking the urban landscape lake, Cuihu lake, which eutrophication is more serious, in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, as the study area, by controlling the different pH value, temperature and nutrient concentration of overlying water to simulate factors that affect the release of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment.[Results] (1) Under the same conditions, the release rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment was affected by the pH value of the water, and the release rate of the neutral environment (pH=7.5) was higher than that of acidic and alkaline water. Under conditions of sediment release for 5 hours, 10 hours and pH=7.5, the release of phosphorus was 5.88 mg/kg and 8.28 mg/kg respectively, nitrogen emission was 22.8 mg/kg and 38.4 mg/kg. (2) The release of nitrogen and phosphorus increased with the increase of temperature. Under temperature 20℃, the nitrogen and phosphorus release reached 28.62 mg/kg and 3.75 mg/kg. (3) The release rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment decreased with the increase of the concentration of overlying water, while it increased with the extension of storage time. When overlying water with ammonia concentration of 0.31 mg/L placed for 5 hours, the sediment nitrogen emissions reached a maximum of 21.63 mg/kg. When it was placed for 10 hours with ammonia concentration of 2.37 mg/L, the sediment nitrogen emissions reached a maximum of 39.22 mg/kg, when the phosphorus concentration of the overlying water was 0.14 mg/L, sediment total phosphorus release reached to the maximum; When it was placed for 5 hours and 10 hours respectively, the maximum release of phosphorus reached 4.25 mg/kg and 4.91 mg/kg.[Conclusion] The release of nutrients in sediment is very complex, and its release rate is influenced by the pH value, temperature, and nutrient concentration of water.