[Objective] A rapid and quantitative study has been done on soil erosion in Guizhou Province in order to provide scientific basis for the management of soil erosion and land use decision.[Methods] With the support of GIS technology and data on the rainfall, soil type, land use, DEM and MODIS-NDVI, we used RUSLE model to estimate of soil erosion.[Results] The annual average soil erosion modulus of the study area was 880.81 t/km², which belongs to mild erosion. Most area belongs to the micro erosion with soil erosion modulus less than 500 t/(km²·a), which accounted for 59.60% of the total study area. Soil erosion area(above the mild erosion) reached 71 164.14 km², which accounted for 40.40% of the total area. The area above strong erosion level was 10 431.60 km², which accounted for 5.91% of the total area and mainly distributed in the northwest and northeast of the research area, and in the Northern Dalou Mountain, Wuling Mountain, Southeastern Miaoling Mountain and Western Wumeng Mountain with high altitude and middle east of Wujiang River, southwest of North Panjiang and other river basins.[Conclusion] Woodland, farmland, grassland and region between elevation of 600~1 600 m is the key area for soil and water conservation in the future.