[Objective] The environmental situation of Guiyang City of Guizhou Province was comprehensively assessed to provide guidance for optimizing land use. [Methods] Ecological footprint and energy theory were used respectively to quantify environmental carrying capacity(ECC) and environmental load, both of which were stimulated by Grey model for the changing tendency in near future. [Results] ECC fluctuated noticeably since 2005 which was predominantly driven by the variation of arable land and construction land. In contrast, environmental load increased stably and quickly, which was mainly caused by the significant expansion of consumptions of petroleum, electric power, building materials and phosphate, and by the ever growing emission of exhaust gas. [Conclusion] Environmental load has been below ECC so for, but environmental deficit would come according to the prediction. Measurements that tailored to the main influence factors of ECC and environmental load should be taken to avoid environmental deficit and to facilitating local sustainable development.