[Objective] The effects of soil and water conservation measures on soil respiration were studied to scientifically evaluate the role of soil and water conservation to climate change. [Methods] Four soil and water conservation measures, including cross-slope tillage and contour sod strip, cross-slope tillage, down-slop tillage and weed clearing, were designed to assess the effects on soil respiration. And the response of soil respiration rate to soil moisture and soil temperature was illustrated. [Results] Soil respiration rates of four Citrus reticulata plantation treatments had the same seasonal change trend, they all changed in an unimodal curve with their peaks in July. Soil respiration rate increased to some extent as soil and water conservation measures taken. Soil respiration rate had a significantly positive correlation with soil temperature. The temperature sensitivity index Q₁₀ values in the cross-slope tillage and contour sod strip treatment and cross-slope tillage treatment were higher than that in the treatments of weed clearing and down-slop tillage. [Conclusion] Soil respiration increased after soil and water conservation measures was implemented, which could influence of soil temperature to some extent.