[Objective] The objective of this study is to explore the effects of grazing on the Leymus chinensis and Stipa baicalensis communities under the grazing disturbance in Hulunbeier meadow steppe, in order to provide the scientific basis for the protection of grassland soil and construction of grassland nature reserve.[Methods] Taking the Hulunbuir meadow steppe as sample plot, the field investigation was conducted and laboratory analysis was used.[Results] The influences of grazing on L. chinensis communities were less than that on Stipa baicalensis communities. Under the disturbance of grazing, coverage, height and the Simpson index of plant community was significantly higher, the species diversity was greater and the growth situation was relatively better in L. chinensis communities. The soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus and soil organic matter contents in L. chinensis was higher than that in S. baicalensis. The amount of microorganisms in two grazing areas showed the same changing trend as:bacteria > actinomyces > fungi. The number of microbes in 0-10 cm soil layer was higher than that in 10-20 cm soil layer. Similarly, soil urease, catalase, invertase in 0-10 cm was greater than that in 10-20 cm soil layer. Correlation analysis indicated that the α diversity of plant community were positively related to soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activities, soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus and soil organic matter.[Conclusion] Moderate grazing could improve community α diversity, soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity of L. chinensis and S. baicalensis communities. For two communities, L. chinensis is more suitable for grazing than S. baicalensis.