[Objective] The objective of this study is to investigate the current participation of private capital in comprehensive control of soil and water loss in small watershed, to provide references for government policy making.[Methods] Based on the field investigation, the current situation of private capital participating in comprehensive control of soil and water loss in small watershed was analyzed and studied.[Results] The characteristics, models and experiences of the participation of private capital in comprehensive control of soil and water loss in small watershed were summarized.[Conclusion] The private capital has become an important supplement to ecological construction and soil and water conservation in China, which not only speeds up the control process of soil and water loss, but also improves the management efficiency. To promote this work, it is necessary to strengthen the relevant work from policy concessions, construction and management and technical services.