[Objective] We aim to investigate the impacts of coal resources exploitation on ecological environment of agricultural land, in order to establish the new mechanism for the development of mineral resources and agricultural land ecological compensation.[Methods] Taking the Dongshan mine in Jixi City, the major grain producing areas of Heilingjiang Province as an example, this study employed market value method, pollution discharge fee and opportunity cost methods.[Results] (1) The development of coal resources directly affected the integrity of farmland and grain production, while indirectly affected ecological environment and the health of residents in mining area. (2) The losses from the destruction of ecological damage caused by enterprise development should be compensated by the benefiting enterprise. Destroy with unclear subject and historical mining ecological environment damage should be compensated by the government. Mineral resources development had long-term and irreversible damage to ecological environment of water and soil resources in modern agricultural region. Land consolidation reclamation and high standard farmland construction was the main compensation object in grain producing areas. Residents in ecological environment control and mining area were the compensation object as well. (3) The value of coal resources and farmland ecological compensation standard was 9 472 thousand yuan/a in Dongshan mine, which accounted for 2.92% of the coal production. (4) The government fiscal transfer payment as ecological compensation mode, while the mineral enterprises formed the system of deposit by using resources exploitation and development of standard agricultural ecological compensation system, to guarantee the fulfillment of ecological management.[Conclusion] We should establish a diversified compensation mode which took the benefiting enterprise and government as the main compensation subject, the land consolidation reclamation and high standard farmland construction, the residents in ecological environment control and mining area as the main compensation object, measuring the coal development of direct and indirect effects of agricultural land as the compensation standard.