[Objective] The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution characteristics of the stand biomass and carbon storage of Populus euphratica with different ages, in order to provide the basis for the further research of forest ecosystem carbon cycle, carbon storage, carbon sequestration rate and potential.[Methods] Taking natural Populus euphratica forest in Luntai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as the research object, the regression models of aboveground biomass were constructed based on the analysis of the different ages and diameter grades of P. euphratica plantation sample tree. The distribution of community biomass and carbon storage in each organ biomass was investigated in different layer with different ages.[Results] The aboveground biomass of P. euphratica increased with the increase of age and the biomass of trunk was the greatest. With the increase of age, the aboveground biomass of P. euphratica increased initially and then decreased slightly. The aboveground biomass of young forest, middle-aged forest, near mature forest, mature forest and over mature forest was 4.91, 7.95, 19.47, 61.95 and 47.64 t/hm², respectively. The average carbon content was showed as:trunk (48.17%) > branch (47.75%) > bark (46.13%) > leaf (44.90%), and there was no significant differences among them. With the increase of age, the carbon storage of the aboveground tree layer of P. euphratica increased initially and then decreased slightly, which showed as:mature forest (30.38 t/hm²) > over mature forest (23.26 t/hm²) > near-mature forest(9.30 t/hm²) > middle-aged forest(3.69 t/hm²) > young forest(2.20 t/hm²).[Conclusion] The carbon storage of above ground organs in P. euphratica was:trunk > branch > bark > leaf, and the trunk was the main parts of the carbon reserves.