[Objective] The objective of this study was to analyze the result of reforming inefficient poplar and birch stands in order to provide a theory reference for the forest health management for the region.[Methods] We reformed the stands by the means of ecological thinning and regeneration under forest canopy, and analyzed the benefits from reformed plots in comparison with the control plots by quantitative calculation from three indices, including forestland productivity, carbon fixation and oxygen release and water conservation function.[Results] Compared with the corresponding control plots, the reformed plots of poplar and birch stands had a increased benefit of 25 008.89 yuan/hm² and 14 802.17 yuan/hm² respectively, and the corresponding benefit rate were 16.6% and 14.6%, indicating that the reformed plots have better advantage than the control plots. The values of forestland productivity had raised by 44.9% and 73.11%, respectively in comparison with the control plots. The values of carbon fixation and oxygen release function had raised by 13.4% and 9.2%. Similarly, the values of water conservation function had raised by 5.4% and 2.6%.[Conclusion] The qualities of inefficient poplar and birch stands were significantly improved after reforming by the means of ecological thinning and regeneration under forest canopy. The reforming not only brought the growth of economic benefit, but also improved forestland productivity and ecological functions.