[Objective] The characteristics of land use change and the comprehensive effects on eco-environment were assessed to provide a support for ecological reconstruction of the study area.[Methods] Based on the Landsat images of August 2006 and 2015, land use data of Wengniute Banner was extracted with ENVI 5.1.Indicators as land use dynamic degree, and land use type of spatial transfer matrix, and biological richness index, ecosystem service value and sensitivity index, spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and ecological environment effects of Wengniute Banner, Inner Mongolia were used.[Results] (1) The main land use types of Wengniute Banner were farmland, woodland, grassland and sandy land. In recent 10 years, farmland, grassland, construction land increased remarkably; while woodland, sandy land and water area manifested a decreasing trend. (2) Biological abundance index decreased from 43.47 in 2006 to 42.69 in 2015, reduced 1.97%. This is not beneficial to the development of bio-diversity; The total value of ecosystem services declined from 1.023 1×10¹⁰ yuan to 9.847 0×10⁹ yuan during 2006 to 2015, decreased amount and rate were 3.84×10⁸ yuan and 3.75%, respectively. Generally, the ecological environment maintains largely a balance, but with a slight degradation; (3) The sensitivity coefficients of various land use types were less than 1, indicating that the ecosystem service value is not sensitive to the coefficient, lacking flexibility.[Conclusion] In the study area, the sharp decrease of ecosystem service value can be attributed to the decrease of woodland and water area, and the increase of construction land. The decreased ecosystem service value and biological abundance resulted from land use change will exacerbate the vulnerability of local ecological environment.