[Objective] The objective of this study is to investigate the adaptability of Picea mongolica and its impact factor, and provide support for tree species selection in ecological construction in Hexi area. [Methods] According to the observation and research on the growth of P. mongolica in Hexi area and the related data of the provenance and introducing area of P. mongolica, we analyzed the adaptability of P. mongolica in Hexi area in terms of climate, seed seedling, seedling transplanting survival rate and growth rate. [Results] The temperature condition of Hexi area was suitable for the growth of P. mongolica, but soil water deficit caused by the lack of precipitation had to be solved by artificial irrigation. The growth rate of 7-year old P. mongolica was faster than that from the source area(Baiyinaobao), and the adaptability was strong, therefore, it showed a great potential in construction of farmland shelterbelt. [Conclusion] Picea mongolica has a great development potential in Hexi area.