[Objective] Illustrating the effects of land use change on soil organic carbon(SOC) content and SOC mineralization, to provide theoretical basis for soil ecosystem preservation and restoration of oasis in the northern marginal zones of the Tarim Basin.[Methods] Based on field sampling and laboratory incubation experiment, the basic characteristics of SOC content were analyzed. Regression analysis was used to investigate the dynamic change process of SOC mineralization.[Results] The accumulative amounts of SOC mineralization of different land use types ranked as:orchard > cotton > artificial forest > abandoned farmland > barren grassland > saline-alkali land > sandy soil. The chronical trends of SOC mineralization of different land use types were almost the same during the cultivation period. The daily SOC mineralization rate involved two stages of fast(1 to 6 d) and slow (6 to 28 d) decomposition. The former stage had shorter duration and more daily decomposition quantity; while the latter was opposite. Organic carbon mineralization rates tended to decrease in the order:sandy soil > barren grassland > saline-alkali land > abandoned farmland > artificial forest > cotton > orchard. The rates of organic carbon mineralization were the highest in sandy soils, about (10.36±0.24)%. It indicated that sandy soil had the lowest stability of the soil organic carbon, while carbon sequestration ability of orchard was higher as compared to those of other land use types.[Conclusion] Both of SOC mineralization and carbon sequestration ability could be obviously influenced by different land use types.