[Objective] Analyzing the vegetation net primary productivity(NPP) and the actual evapotranspiration(ET) in Shaanxi Province, to provide theoretical support with regard to carbon cycle, water cycle characteristics of ecological environment.[Methods] Based on data of the NASA products of net primary productivity(MOD17 A3) and evapotranspiration(MOD16), the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and relationships between NPP and ET in 2000-2014 of Shaanxi Province were analyzed by using the methods of GIS and mathematical statistics.[Results] The vegetation NPP and ET both showed a spatial distribution characteristics by gradually decreasing from the south to the north. In 2000-2014, interannual variability of Shaanxi vegetation NPP presented an increasing trend. The most significant increased region was Shanbei, the second was Guanzhong, and the lowest region was Southern Shaanxi; interannual variability of ET was not significant, and showed a trend of fluctuations. Spatial correlation between NPP and ET was significant for overall province, but regional difference existed:correlation coefficient in Shanbei region was highly significant, whereas in the southern Shaanxi region, it was not significant.[Conclusion] The vegetation NPP had closer relations with ET in arid area.