[Objective] Exploring the effect of chicken manure co-applied with urea on rhizospheric characteristics and yield, quality of Lablab purpureus, in order to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of quality management in farmland soil and for fertilization optimization of Lablab purpureus plantation.[Methods] A field experiment including four treatments, i. e., CK (neither urea nor chicken manure was applied), CF (100% of nitrogen was provided by urea), CM (100% of nitrogen was provided by chicken manure), and CM+CF (50% and 50% of nitrogen was provided by chicken manure and urea, respectively) was performed. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different treatments on root exudates contents, microbial population, microbial diversity index in rhizosphere and the yield, quality of Lablab purpureus.[Results] In comparison to CF treatment, CM+CF treatment significantly increased the contents of total amino acid, total organic acid and total sugar in root exudates, showing 61.91%, 43.03% and 31.18% increases, respectively. The populations of bacteria and actinomycetes and contents of microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen were obviously increased by the use of CM+CF treatment. In the meantime, the microbial diversity index was the highest in CM+CF treatment, which had the same variation tendency as total microbial population. However, the microbial diversity indices and microbial population had different variation tendency between CF and CK treatments. Additionally, the CM+CF treatment could significantly increase the yield and improve the quality of Lablab purpureus, indicative of 65.20%, 28.15% and 8.24% increases in yield as compared with the treatments of CK, CF and CM+CF, respectively. Furthermore, the contents of V_c, soluble sugar and free amino acid in legume increased by 45.55%, 36.35% and 43.23% by the use of CM+CF treatment as compared to CF treatment, respectively. However, less effect on rhizosphere and yield, quality of Lablab purpureus in CM treatment was observed in comparison with CM+CF treatment.[Conclusion] As a result, chicken manure co-applied with urea was beneficial on the increases of root exudates, microbial populations and microbial diversity index in rhizosphere and the enhancement of soil nutrient-supply capacity as well as the growth of high-yield and quality Lablab purpureus.