[Objective] Simulating the land use change and evaluating the landscape ecological risk of Haitan Island, to provide basis for land use planning and policy development.[Methods] Under the background of planning and constructing in Pingtan County Experimental Area in Fujian Province, this study combined the model of Markov model and the CLUE-S model to simulate spatial distribution pattern of land use in 2021, under the scenarios of either spontaneously developing pattern or rapid urbanization development. The possible evolved landscape patterns under different development scenarios were predicted by landscape index and landscape ecological risk index.[Results] ① The forecast results of 2021 are compared to the land use situation in 2013. The areas of forest, shrub, wetland, farmland decreased by 9.58%,5.53%,2.33%,8.82%, respectively under the scenario of spontaneous development mode; while, these items decreased by 12.86%,6.16%,2.40%,11.67% in the rapid urbanization development scenario. Construction land areas increased by 24.56% and 31.79% in scenarios of spontaneous development and rapid urban development. ② Haitan island landscape patch fragmentation will becoming increasingly serious. The numbers of plaques in forests, shrubs, wetlands, croplands, construction sites and unused land increased differently; the construction land will on the rise but the unused land might change little. ③ The landscape ecological risk indexes were 0.334, 0.337, 0.351 in 2013 and under different development models in 2021.[Conclusion] The whole landscape of Haitan Island tends to be broken and discretized. Landscape ecological risk index is on the rise and the degree of fragmentation of landscape patches is becoming more and more serious.