[Objective] To investigate the relationship between the vegetation coverage change and topographic factors (elevation, slope and slope aspects) in order to provide basics for environmental monitoring and restoration, soil and water conservation, and disaster assessment and prevention in Wenchuan earthquake area.[Methods] By using dimidiate pixel model to estimate vegetation fraction in the earthquake area, the relationships between vegetation fraction and topographic factors was analyzed.[Results] Vegetation fraction had negative correlations with slope and elevation(<3 000 m). Similar negative correlations were also found between the topographic factors and the proportion of low vegetation coverage. The effect of earthquake on the vegetation was dramatic in the area with elevation <500 m, and area with elevation ranged from 500 to 1 000 m and slope <5°, where the recovery period was longer. Until May 2015, vegetation recovery has not reached to the level before the earthquake. Besides, there were no significant differences between variation of vegetation coverage and proportion change of high, middle and low vegetation coverage area among different slope aspects. The proportion of high, middle and low vegetation coverage area in the east, south, north and southeast had been restored to the levels before the earthquake.[Conclusion] Vegetation fraction is closely related to topographic factors, and dynamic monitoring of vegetation status can be obtained from topographic changes.