[Objective] To analyze the land spatial evolution characteristics and formation mechanism in order to provide the feasible basis for the governance of the abandoned lands.[Methods] Ping'an and Zhuyuan Township of Fengjie County were selected as the study area. Google Earth HD remote sensing images in the year of 2002, 2012 and 2016 were collected. GIS and RS softwares were used and interactive interpretation was adopted to obtain land use data. The land use dynamic degree, spatial autocorrelation and landscape pattern research theories and methods were used to conduct the related analysis.[Results] ① The area and growth rate of abandoned land was increased sustainably from 2002 to 2016 in the study area. ② The fragmentation and heterogeneity of abandoned lands was decreasing, and patch connectivity was better as patches were getting larger and more concentrate. ③ The abandoned lands in study areas showed strong spatial agglomeration characteristics, yet the local agglomeration situation was different, and the homogenization was high and spread year by year.[Conclusions] The spatial-temporal evolution of the abandoned lands in study areas is basically consistent. The spatial distribution is closely related to natural factors such as slope and elevation, and it is also related to the distance between residential areas. In conclusion, the spatial distribution of abandoned lands is affected by the loss and shortage of rural labor force.