[Objective] To study the basic ecological characteristics of the Berberis community in order to provide a basis for resource conservation, sustainable use and population restoration in the wild fruit forest of West Tianshan Mountain.[Methods] The typical Berberis community was randomly selected to investigate their species composition, vertical structure, population diameter structure and species diversity.[Results] There were 50 species belonging to 19 families and 47 genera in the Berberis community, of which, 92.00% were dicotyledons. The vertical structure of the community could be divided into three layers:tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer. The importance value of Berberis in the shrub layer was 196.25%. The complexity of species diversity in all layers was showed as:Herb layer > arbor layer > shrub layer. The population of adult Berberis in the community was significantly more than the seedlings, saplings and elderly individuals.[Conclusion] According to the subordinate distribution area, the temperate properties of Berberis community in this area are obvious, and Berberis is the single superior species of the constructive species of the community. The maintenance of the Berberis population depends on middle-aged individuals. The age structure of the Berberis population is spindle-shaped and belong to declining population.