[Objective] To analyze the vegetation restoration effectiveness and development trends in the Tarim River basin in order to provide research basis for the ecological management of the basin.[Methods] Based on MODIS-MOD13 Q1 multi-spectral remote sensing data from 2007 to 2017, EVI (enhanced vegetation index) was used as a breakthrough point. ArcGIS software was used and time series models of vegetation cover were constructed to dynamically monitor the vegetation changes in the Tarim River basin.[Results] ①The vegetation coverage of Tarim River basin was low, and the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of vegetation index was large. The highest vegetation cover in the main steam was only 23.56% in July, 2017, while the highest vegetation coverage in the upstream was 3.36 times of that of the downstream section, and the annual maximum ratio of the vegetation coverage in the upper reaches was 4.28. ②There was no significant difference in vegetation coverage between 2017 and 2007 in the whole basin. Time series model showed a positive trend for the future vegetation restoration of the Tarim River. ③There was no significant difference between NDVI and EVI, but NDVI tended to be low in areas with low vegetation coverage, while it tended to be high in areas with high vegetation coverage.[Conclusion] The vegetation coverage of the Tarim River basin remains stable currently. Moreover, the ecological environment will be improved in the future. Dynamic monitoring and quantitative analysis of vegetation restoration effectiveness based on EVI index is feasible.