[Objective] To explore the relationship between groundwater depth and plant community characteristics and soil physicochemical property, in order to provide a basis for the healthy and harmonious development of ecological environment in Tongliao Plain of West Liaohe River basin. [Methods] Based on the methods of space-time substitution and soil single fractal, the vegetation community characteristics and soil physicochemical property were quantitatively analyzed, and their response mechanism to the change of groundwater depth was discussed. [Results] ① The order of the vegetation diversity indexes under different groundwater depth was showed as: 2-3 m > 1-2 m > 4 m > 3-4 m > 0-1 m. ② The topsoil particles were mainly composed of silt with the content between 52.03% and 84.78%. The average size of soil particles was ranked as: 3-4 m, >4 m, 0-1 m, 1-2 m and 2-3 m. ③ The kurtosis were all very narrow. The fractal dimensions were between 2.34 and 2.49. The distributions of soil particle size were all in poor sorting. Correspondingly, the skewness were nearly symmetrical, nearly symmetrical, nearly symmetrical, negative sand negative, respectively. [Conclusion] With the change of groundwater recharge conditions, the succession of vegetation community in the study area is a process from non-zonal meadow vegetation to the zonal typical steppe vegetation. The critical range of vegetation succession is 2-3 m underground water depth.