[Objective] This study is to analyze the ecological change in Bole City of Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region by remote sensing method, in order to provide a theoretical basis for ecological protection. [Methods] The Landsat images of Bole City in 1997, 2007 and 2016 were collected as data sources, and four indexes including greenness, humidity, dryness and heat were extracted. The principal component analysis was applied to couple the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI), to monitor and evaluate the ecological environment quality of Bole City. [Results] The research area belongs to the mountain-oasis-desert system(MODS), and the overall RSEI was very low in 1997, 2007 and 2016. The ecological environment quality of Bole City showed a significant improvement trend from 1997 to 2016, as the RSEI increased from 0.250 to 0.422 and the proportion of excellent and good leveles increased from 11.24% to 26.20%. The improved areas were mainly distributed in the northern mountains, the central oasis, the Southern Tianshan Mountains and the western deserts at the northern foot, which were significantly larger than the degraded area. The deteriorated areas were mainly concentrated in the cultivated land and urban construction areas in the central oasis. [Conclusion] The construction of desert ecology and the expansion of oasis have a positive impact on the improvement of ecological environment. In addition, rational resource allocation and land utilization should be carried out as well.