[Objective] This paper aims study the location selection, design planning, scientific management and ecological environment construction of photovoltaic power stations in desert areas in order to provide basis for the sustainable development of photovoltaic industry and ecology. [Methods] By analyzing a large number of references and related topics, the influences of the photovoltaic power station construction and operation period on soil, vegetation, climate, animals, microorganisms and other ecological factors were analyzed, to reveal the disadvantages of the existing photovoltaic power stations in ecological environment, and to predict the future application prospect and development direction. [Results] The construction period of the power station could cause some short-term adverse effects on plants and environment. However, during the operation period, due to wind resistance, sand fixation, shading and humidification of photovoltaic array and artificial management, it was beneficial to vegetation restoration, soil improvement and local microclimate improvement in the sand area. [Conclusion] In the future, the influence of photovoltaic power stations on the ecological environment should be further studied and the corresponding prevention measures should be implemented, to ensure the ecological balance and realize the friendly and coordinated development of photovoltaic power generation and the ecological environment.