[Objective] To investigate the pollution distribution of livestock production and the spatial distribution characteristics of arable land carrying capacity in Sichuan Province, in order to provide a theoretical basis for sustainable development of agriculture in this area. [Methods] Total livestock manure production, the losses of manure pollutants, and the availability of agricultural lands were estimated. The ArcGIS was used to evaluate land resource requirements and environmental risks of livestock production, as well as agricultural carrying capacity. [Results] Total livestock manure production in Sichuan Province was 2.94×10⁷ t in 2016. The losses of pollutants were dominated by COD (chemical oxygen demand, not a pollutant), while the least was total phosphorus (TP). The average PEL (pig equivalent load), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) carrying capacity was 50 310, 327, and 85 kg/hm², respectively, resulting in an average risk threshold value of 1.34 (grade Ⅳ). However, the load warming values varied greatly across the region, with the highest in Aba (6.61) and Ganzi (6.93). [Conclusion] At present, the production of livestock and poultry manure has been a threat to the environment in Sichuan Province, the source of livestock and poultry manure pollution is mainly cow dung and pig dung. The model of livestock and poultry breeding in the combination of agriculture and pastoral, breeding and ecological circulation should be promoted.