[Objective] The dynamic response of soil microbial characteristics and environmental factors to the change of paddy fields into orchards was discussed in order to provide a scientific basis for further study of the impact of land use change on soil ecological environment and prediction of the long-term change trend of soil quality after the change of paddy fields to orchards.[Methods] One representative soil series of land-use change from paddy to orchard were chosen in Zhejiang Province, furthermore, the law of dynamic response of soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity and soil microbial biomass to land-use change was analyzed using the post-cut time series method.[Results] Soil moisture, > 0.25 mm water stable aggregate, pH value, organic matter, base saturation, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen fell down significantly(p < 0.01), however, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 21.9%,54.7%,42.0% and 6.65 times, respectively, and these indexes were correlated with years of planting trees significantly(p < 0.01). After the land-use change, the average of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen decreased by 74.4% and 73.3%, respectively. The average of soil urease and acid phosphatase activity increased by 40.0% and 41.8%, respectively. However, the mean value of soil catalase activity decreased by 69.3%, and they were significantly(p < 0.01) correlated with the time of planting trees.[Conclusion] After the land-use conversion from the paddy field to orchard farm, soil environmental factors changed periodically, and the influence of land-use pattern was greater than that of land-use history. Moreover, soil comprehensive fertility decreased, and the ecological environment and sustainability of land use were adversely affected.