[Objective] To solve the problem of excessive pollutants in Jiaogang Lake in Huainan City, four native aquatic plants were tested for water purification. The experiment was expected to provide a reliable basis for the use of aquatic plants to repair water quality in Jiaogang Lake.[Methods] Based on the water quality test data of Jiaogang Lake in Huainan City, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Acorus tatarinowii and Ceratophyllum demersum grown locally in Jiaogang Lake were selected as research objects, the removal effects of aquatic plants on TN, TP, NH₃-N and COD in water body of Jiaogang Lake were studied under simulated natural-alike conditions.[Results] The removal rate of TN was better in Lythrum salicaria, Alisma plantago-aquatica and Acorus tatarinowii. The removal rate of NH₃-N was better for Acorus tatarinowii and Ceratophyllum demersum. Lythrum salicaria had the best effect on removing TP, while for COD, the four aquatic plants had better removal effect.[Conclusion] The four selected aquatic plants have certain removal effects on pollutants. The optimum arrangement of planting area, quantity and time of aquatic plants can be used for water quality improvement of Jiaogang Lake.