[Objective] This paper analyzed the ecological footprint of water resources and its spatial and temporal changes in cities of Guizhou Province, and also of province wide values in recent 10 years, and to recognize its main influencing factors in order to provide reference for social and economic development of the province and the sustainable utilization of water resources.[Methods] Taking Guizhou Province as an example, based on the ecological footprint model, the ecological footprint of water resources and the ecological carrying capacity of water resources in the province in 2007-2016 years were calculated, and its evolution process was analyzed.[Results] ① The ecological footprint of water resources in Guizhou Province increased from 1.62×10⁷ hm² in 2007 to 1.66×10⁷ hm² in 2016. The ecological carrying capacity of water resources was less than the water demand of ecological footprint, but the inter-annual variation of ecological carrying capacity was obvious, as a result, the ecological stress index was much less than 1. The water resources had an ecological surplus of 1.779~3.827 hm²/person, so the potential for sustainable development and utilization was relatively large. ② Seeing from the changes in the per capita ecological footprint of water used in industry, agriculture, life and various ecological parts, the per capita ecological footprint of industrial water drooped significantly by 18.9% from 2007 to 2016, mainly because of the continuous reduction of ten thousand yuan GDP ecological footprint; The per capita ecological footprint of agricultural water and domestic water changed a little, which maintained at 0.085 hm²/person and 0.024 hm²/person, respectively. ③ The spatial variations of per capita ecological footprint of water and per capita ecological carrying capacity of water resources, as well as the ecological surplus in different cities and town in the Guizhou Province from 2014 to 2016 were significantly different. In an overall, the performance was significantly and positively correlated with economic development, while the central and western regions that had developed well in economy had a large demand for water resources and a low ecological surplus, and the eastern region where economy developed comparatively not well had a small demand for water resources and large ecological surplus.[Conclusion] The consumption of water resources in Guizhou Province was decreasing, the utilization efficiency was gradually improved. The development and utilization of water resources is in a safe state, and there is much room for the development and utilization, but the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of water resources in 9 cities and counties of Guizhou Province were unevenly distributed, which needs to be reasonably allocated and utilized.