[Objective] The ecological vulnerabilities of six counties and districts in Haidong City, Qinghai Province were quantitatively studied in order to alleviate poverty in high-cold and poverty-stricken mountainous areas, improve awareness of environment protection and provide basis for the implementation of national "precise poverty alleviation" policy.[Methods] The evaluation index system of ecological vulnerability in high-cold and poverty-stricken mountainous area was constructed from three dimensions of economic development, social development and the ecological environment. The index system was quantitatively analyzed and evaluated by the gray correlation method of entropy weight.[Results] The ecological vulnerability in Huzhu County was 0.850 1, which belonged to the slight vulnerability. The ecological vulnerability in Ping'an District was 0.712 8, belonging to light vulnerability level. The ecological vulnerability in Salar Autonomous County of Xunhua was 0.557 3, belonging to moderate vulnerability level. The vulnerabilities of ecological in Ledu, Minhe and Hualong, were less than 0.45, belonging to severe vulnerability level. The vulnerabilities of the six counties and districts in Haidong City were ranked as:Huzhu County > Ping'an District > Salar Autonomous County of Xunhua > Hualong County > Minhe County > Ledu County.[Conclusion] The ecological environment and the resource endowment not only seriously restrict the development of the social economy, but also have a remarkable impact on the ecological vulnerability.