[Objective] We aimed to investigate the characteristics of soil erosion in extreme rainfall events to explore the problems related to soil erosion control, and provide the scientific basis for human beings to cope with extreme weather disasters.[Methods] Linqu County, Shandong Province, which was greatly affected by Typhoon Lekima on August 9, 2019, was chosen as the investigation area. By means of data analysis and field investigation, the slope erosion and road erosion characteristics of typical small watersheds in Zengjiagou and Gengjiagou were analyzed, as well as the scouring and silting of various river courses in the upper reaches of the Mihe River.[Results] During the crossing of Typhoon Lekima, the rainfall at the center of the rainstorm reached the 50-year recurrence interval. There was no rill erosion in the forest, grassland and abandoned farmlands, but this did occur in the sloped farmland. The erosion modulus was 4 560~19 500 t/km², and the rills on the terraced fields were concentrated in the position where the catchment above was carried out; the ridges of terraced fields protected by vegetation or stone ridges were intact, while the other types of ridges showed serious collapse. The landslide erosion modulus of the surveyed land was 301~36 321 t/km², and the collapse of ridges was the most serious. The riverbanks, especially at the top of the bend, were severely scoured, and the sediment amount was larger in the river return area, the junction of the two rivers, the barrage, and upstream of the bridge.[Conclusion] Soil and water conservation measures in small watersheds can reduce the soil erosion caused by rainstorms. It is suggested to design and construct suitable water storage and drainage, as well as soil conservation measures for different areas and used land. It may also be helpful to strengthen farmers' agronomic training of soil and water conservation, which could have positive effects on preventing soil erosion disasters caused by heavy rain.