[Objective] The spatial distribution pattern of soil conservation service function in Shanxi Province was analyzed, and the key areas that need to be protected were identified, in order to provide reference for ecological protection redline delineation and national territorial planning.[Methods] The revised universal soil and water loss equation(RUSLE) was used to analyze the importance of soil conservation function.[Results] The total amount of soil conservation was 6.52×10⁹ t/a, and the average amount of soil conservation per unit area was 416.10 t/(hm²·a) during the study period. The spatial distribution pattern of the ecosystem's soil conservation function was low in northwest and high in southeast, as well as low in basin and high in hills and mountains. The areas of extremely important areas, important areas and general important areas accounted for 23.10%, 28.33% and 48.57% of the total area of Shanxi Province, respectively.[Conclusion] The extremely important areas of soil conservation function in Shanxi Province were mainly distributed in Taihang Mountain, Luliang Mountain, Heng Mountain, Wutai Mountain, Taiyue Mountain and Zhongtiao Mountain, and it was also widely distributed in loess hill area of western Shanxi Province.