[Objective] The main factors affecting the water environmental quality of water storage ponds were explored to provide a scientific basis for water environmental protection and water quality improvement of water storage ponds.[Methods] Eight typical water storage ponds in Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone of Shaanxi Province were selected, taking into consideration the function, capacity, area, and structure of the ponds. Six water quality indicators were measured:pH value, ammonia nitrogen (AN), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH₄⁺-N, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The multivariate statistical method and the single factor index were used to determine the variance of the pollutants in the water quality samples.[Results] ① The concentration of water pollutants in the water storage ponds was significantly different at different sampling points (p<0.05). The average TN and TP concentration in each pond was between 4.70~78.13 mg/L and 0.03~4.27 mg/L, respectively; The average NH₄⁺-N concentration was between 0.36~39.18 mg/L; The average COD concentration was between 33.0~1 067.40 mg/L; The average DO concentration was between 1.5~7.3 mg/L; The average pH value was between 7.85~8.64; ② Most water storage ponds were seriously polluted. The water quality was inferior to the Ⅴ category, and the pollutants were mainly nitrogen-based. ③ The pollution levels of the water storage ponds in the survey area were:point source pollution + measures < non-point source pollution + no measures < point source pollution + no measures.[Conclusion] The installation of sewage treatment facilities and anti-seepage measures at the bottom of the pool were essential for improving the water environment of the water storage pond. A better result would achieved if the measures are supplemented with the repair and management of endogenous water bodies.