[Objective] To provide a theoretical basis for regional sustainable development and ecological environmental protection, the changing trend with altitude of Taiwan's terrestrial vegetation ecosystem and its response to climatic were investigated.[Methods] Based on SPOT/VEGETATION NDVI satellite remote sensing data, meteorological, and digital elevation model (DEM) data from 1998-2018, we combined a regression analysis and correlation analysis to assess the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) trend and regional response of vegetation in Taiwan Province under climate change.[Results] The average growth rate of NDVI of vegetation in Taiwan Province from 1998 to 2018 was 5.09%; The proportion of area occupied by different elevation ranges in Taiwan Province was quite different, the area proportion <500 m area was as high as 52.49%, the area proportion >3 600 m area was only 0.01%, and NDVI in the two altitude ranges showed lower values, 0.72 and 0.73; From 1998 to 2018, except for the altitude of >3 600 m, the mean value of NDVI in other altitude ranges increased significantly (p<0.001). In the elevation range of 500-3 600 m, the annual mean of NDVI was significantly correlated with temperature and rainfall (p<0.05).[Conclusion] The higher the altitude, the more sensitive is the growth of vegetation to the change of rainfall as compared to the change of temperature.