[Objective] The impacts of farmland consolidation policies on farmers' livelihood strategies were studied, in order to provide references and basis for the government land department to formulate a sound farmland management policies.[Methods] A sustainable livelihood framework model was constructed for farmers in the context of farmland improvement, and multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the impact of farmland improvement on farmers' livelihood strategies.[Results] ① There was no change in the human capital of the farmer households after the rural land consolidation, the natural capital and social capital had a slight change, and the physical capital and financial capital showed a significant increase. ② To some extent, the implementation of rural land consolidation would promote the transformation of farmers' livelihood strategies from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and the production and manufacturing livelihood activities would be decreased, while the service-related livelihood activities would be increased significantly.[Conclusion] The implementation of farmland consolidation policy will change the influencing factors of farmers' choice of related livelihood activities in modern agriculture, manufacturing and service industries. After farmland consolidation, the quantity and quality of cultivated land are still significant influencing factors for farmers to choose traditional agriculture.