[Objective] The spatial and temporal distribution of the rainfall erosivity, represented as R value, in Guizhou Province from 1966 to 2017 was analyzed to provide reference for evaluating the prevention and control of soil erosion due to rainfall. The goal was to formulate soil and water conservation and agricultural production development measures in the study area.[Methods] Based on the daily rainfall data from 33 meteorological stations in Guizhou Province during 1966-2017, Kriging, empirical orthogonal function (EOF), Mann-Kendall examination, and Morlet wavelet analysis were utilized to analyze the R value characteristics in Guizhou Province over 52 years.[Results] ① EOF analysis well-explained the spatial temporal distribution characteristics of rainfall erosivity. The cumulative contribution rate of the first two eigenvectors reached 52%, revealing two typical distribution modes of rainfall erosivity in Guizhou Province:the whole region pattern and the east-west reverse pattern. According to the analysis of the time coefficient corresponding to the feature vector, the erosive force of rainfall in Guizhou Province was mainly manifested in four ways:the erosive force of rainfall was relatively large during the entire year, it was relatively small during the entire year, it was relatively large in the east and and small in the west, and relatively small in the east and large in the west. ② From the perspective of the entire year, the R value in Guizhou Province was mainly affected by the rainfall in flood season, and the R value in all counties and cities in the province accounted for more than 60% of the entire year. ③ The R value had multiple mutations in its interannual variation. The mutation frequency was the maximum during 1971-1981. Through the cycle test, it was observed that the main cycle of the change was 28 years, and the subcycles were 12 years and 6 years.[Conclusion] The spatial distribution of rainfall and rainfall erosivity was similar in Guizhou Province. Rainfall erosion was generally small in the south and large in the north, and small in summer and large in winter. The rainfall erosivity should increase in the next few years.