[Objective] The optimal vegetation coverage of the ecological green heart area of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and the regional soil and water loss status in 2018 were studied to provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive management of regional soil erosion.[Methods] Using GIS and RS technology, based on rainfall, soil, terrain, land use and other data in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area, the normalized difference vegetation index and USLE were adopted as the preferred models.[Results] The total area of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan green heart area was 52 287 hm², and the overall vegetation condition was above par. The high coverage (75%~100%) area was the largest, constituting more than half of the total area of the green heart area (26 869.79 hm²); the low coverage (30%~40%) area was the smallest, being only 8.61% of the total area (4 501.90 hm²). The total area of erosion (excluding microdegree) in the green heart area was 3 654.24 hm² (which was 6.99% of the total area). The proportion of erosion in Xiangtan City was the highest (8.51%), followed by Changsha City (6.67%) and Zhuzhou City (5.68%). The erosion area of construction land was 963.92, 310.74, and 735.11 hm² in the prohibited development zone, restricted development zone, and the controlled construction zone, respectively.[Conclusion] The coverage space of the ecological green heart area of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration appeared to be low in the west and high in the middle-east part, which might have resulted from man-made factors, urban construction, and industrial distributions. Engineering construction was the main reason for soil and water loss in the green heart area.